Calyx usually drying olive, subtruncate to subulately 5-denticulate, less than 13(-15) mm long inflorescence usually a contracted raceme or fascicle of few flowers, drying olive bracts and bracteoles minute or absent. Calyx drying black, minutely 5-denticulate, 13-16 mm long inflorescence an elongate raceme, drying black, with subfoliaceous bracts and bracteoles subtending the buds. Corolla magenta or white with purple markings in throat. Anthers included corolla yellow, magenta, or white, tubular-campanulate to tubular-funnel-shaped. Anthers exserted corolla orange, tubular, the lobes valvate. Lianas tendrils present leaves mostly 2- or 3-foliolate flowers yellow, magenta, cream, or white. Trees or shrubs tendrils absent leaves mostly simple flowers white. Tendril multifid calyx membranous branchlets with thin detachable ribs. Tendril simple calyx thick and spongy when fresh īranchlets not ribbed. Calyx truncate or bilabiate, rarely spathaceous, but then not as above. Calyx spathaceously split down one side to near the base, the tip somewhat recurved and forming a glandular hoodlike structure with sparse lepidote scales. Calyx with recurved apex inflorescence bracts foliaceous. Calyx apex obtuse or incurved inflorescence bracts minute. Tendrils (when present) simple or 3- to multifid, the apices not uncinate or claw-like flower color various stem cross section with 4-16 radially symmetrical phloem arms or lacking anomalous structure. Tendrils trifid-uncinate with claw-like apices flowers yellow stem cross section with many irregularly divided phloem arms. Corolla puberulous outside (usually both tube and lobes, rarely only on lobes).

Corolla tube (and lobes except sometimes the margins) glabrous or lepidote outside. Corolla lobes reflexed at anthesis calyx simple. Corolla lobes narrow, not reflexed, appressed together at anthesis calyx double with thick inner margin and wavy continuous outer margin. Branchlets terete to tetragonal, if tetragonal the tendrils simple leaves mostly simple or 2-or 3-foliolate, biternate or bipinnate only in Arrabidaea and Memora, both with terete branches. albiflora) tendrils trifid leaves biternate to ternately bipinnate or tripinnate. Branchlets acutely tetragonal (sometimes subtetragonal in P. Leaves bipinnate calyx less than 0.7 cm long. Leaves simple or pinnate calyx > 1 cm long. Staminode minute, at base of corolla tube, not villous flowers yellow, white, red, orange, magenta, purple, or lavender, never blue trees, shrubs, or lianas. Staminode longer than the stamens, subexserted, strongly glandular-villous flowers blue or blue-purple trees or shrubs. Leaves and young twigs not conspicuously varnished calyx 4-40 mm long, the texture even throughout, usually coriaceous, apex often evenly denticulate corolla color various, when white the throat uniformly white or yellow seeds with membranous wings or wingless. Leaves (especially when young) and young shoots varnished calyx membranous, 12-22 mm long, with thinner irregularly rupturing apex corolla white or pale pink with purplish stripes in throat seed wings replaced by terminal trichomes. Flowers > 2 cm long corolla salverform to funnel-shaped or campanulate, broadly campanulate only when tube base narrowly cylindrical anthers glabrous fruit not spirally twisted. Flowers less than 1.8 cm long corolla broadly campanulate from base anthers pilose fruit spirally twisted. Leaves simple, 2- or 3-foliolate, pinnately compound, or bicompound, frequently tendrillate trees, shrubs, or lianas. Leaves palmately 5-7-foliolate, lacking tendrils trees or shrubs.

Calyx cupular or campanulate or spathaceously split corolla without transverse fold in throat inflorescence usually an axillary or terminal panicle or raceme, rarely cauliflorous leaves opposite fruit dehiscent. Calyx bilabiately split to base corolla campanulate with a transverse fold in throat flowers cauliflorous, borne singly or in a fascicle of 2 or 3 flowers leaves in alternate fascicles fruit indehiscent. MBG: Research: Projects: South America: Venezuelan Guayana Research Home |Ģ(1).

Pellucid punctate